Any deviation from the normal arrangement of teeth and jaws leads to the compromised appearance, crowding or spacing of teeth, difficulty in chewing, improper speech, pain in the TMJ, traumatic bite, and inadequate oral hygiene maintenance.
Orthodontics aims at diagnosing the problem based on the oral and extra oral examination and evaluating primary records such as models, X-rays (panoramic and cephalograms), and , if necessary, ordering secondary records such as CBCT, handwrist radiographs, etc. A well trained and qualified orthodontist then formulates a treatment plan on the basis of the list of problem, and if required, s/he also consults with other specialists such as an oral surgeon, pedodontist, and periodontist.