Orthodontic elastics are simple yet highly effective tools used in orthodontic treatment. These elastics are designed to correct bite issues or the alignment of the teeth. When a patient has an underbite or overbite, the braces and wires alone may not be enough to resolve the dental problem. In such cases, the orthodontist may decide to use a specific type of elastic called orthodontic elastics.
When a patient only has mild misalignment of the teeth, traditional orthodontic devices (braces and wires) may suffice. However, if the upper and lower teeth are not aligned properly or if the teeth are severely misaligned, additional devices such as functional appliances and orthodontic elastics are required. Orthodontic elastics help move the jaws in the desired direction, allowing the upper and lower teeth to fit together correctly. This, in turn, improves the appearance of the patient’s smile when talking or laughing.
Types of Elastics and Their Uses
Orthodontic elastics are available in different types and sizes. These elastics are usually made of latex and can vary in thickness. The thicker the elastic, the more force it can exert to move the teeth. The type, thickness, and strength of the elastic needed for each individual is determined by the orthodontist.
Patients should never change the placement, thickness, or strength of their elastics without the orthodontist’s guidance, as even minor adjustments could alter the direction of tooth movement and compromise the treatment.
How Are Orthodontic Elastics Installed?
Orthodontic elastics cannot be used on their own; special hook brackets must first be installed on the teeth. The elastics are then attached to these hooks and, over time, gradually move the jaws and teeth into their proper positions.
Common Elastic Configurations
The placement and pressure exerted by the orthodontic elastics depend on the specific dental issue, and it is up to the orthodontist to determine how they should be applied. Common configurations include:
- Class 1 Elastic: In this setup, the elastic is attached from the hook on an upper molar to the hook on an upper canine. This moves the teeth closer together to close any gaps between them.
- Class 2 Elastic: This elastic is connected from the hook of an upper canine to the hook of the first or second lower molar. The goal is to move the upper teeth backward and the lower teeth forward.
- Class 2 Triangular Elastic: The elastic forms a triangular shape by connecting the hook of an upper canine to the hook of a lower premolar and the hook of a lower molar. This helps move the upper teeth back and the lower teeth forward.
- Class 3 Elastic: This configuration involves attaching the elastic from the hook of a lower canine to the hook of an upper molar. It helps move the upper teeth forward and the lower teeth backward.
- Class 3 Triangular Elastic: In this setup, the elastic is attached from a lower canine to a lower premolar and then to an upper molar, forming a triangle. It moves the upper teeth forward and the lower teeth backward.
- Rectangular or Quadrilateral Elastic: This elastic configuration connects two upper teeth to two lower teeth, helping to align the upper and lower rows of teeth.
- Midline Elastic: The elastic is connected from the upper canine to the lower canine on the opposite side, helping to align the midline of the upper and lower teeth.
- Elastic in Shape of 7: This setup involves attaching the elastic to three teeth in a V shape. This configuration helps align the upper and lower teeth.
- Crossbite Elastic: The elastic is attached from the inside of the upper teeth to the hooks on the lower teeth, and is used to correct crossbites.
- Anterior Triangular Elastic: This elastic connects the upper canine to the lower canine and the lower premolar, forming a triangle. It is used to correct open bites.
Hygiene Tips:
- Orthodontic elastics lose their elasticity and strength after a few hours, so it’s important to learn how to replace them and change them 3 to 4 times a day.
- After every meal, carefully brush your teeth and use dental floss.
- You may remove the elastics only while eating.